It affects up to 1 in 20 learners. It is more common than Autism, Intellectual Disabilities, ADHD, Cerebral Palsy and Down Syndrome. This data guarantees that you've taught one, if not dozens, of students who fall under this umbrella. 

It has a dedicated month but you've probably never heard about it. It doesn't have 5ks or ribbons or car decals. Most educators are teaching numerous students with it but have no idea the ways it can affect their learning and behavior. What is the significant public health concern that affects so many of our students? 

On Motherhood

I was a mother on a mission in 2018. Our adopted son was 4 years old at the time and I was knee deep in months' of research to figure out his brain. To figure out.. him. No developmental delay was quite "fitting", but it was clear to us that something was significantly different about how his brain worked. He showed us daily that mainstream rewards and consequences were inconsequential. Every day was like Groundhog's Day, with the same difficult behaviors occurring. As an early reading, incredibly verbal, friendly and charming little boy, we regularly heard the sentiment from others that they "couldn't see" what we were dealing with at home. It hardly helped that we felt completely and entirely alone on our parenting journey. 

With an educational and professional background in social work, I wasn't ignorant to developmental delays. In fact, just a few years prior, I thought my pre-parenthood experience might give me a leg up as an adoptive parent through the foster care system. Yet there I was, regularly in tears that my sweet son said "I don't know" when asked why he bolted across streets, spit on his windows every day, peed down his bedroom air vent, ran out of his preschool into the parking lot, and so on. 

My desperate search led me to a book, Trying Differently Rather Than Harder: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, written by Diane Malbin. Every page I read sent off checkmarks in my head. I knew I had found it. I quickly read Making Sense of the Madness and all of the incredible work of Jeff Noble. My husband and I mourned as we learned, a process that evolves and continues to this day. After a nearly year long wait, the only FASD specialist in the state of North Carolina confirmed his diagnosis. A lifelong, whole body, traumatic brain injury. 

I had never even heard of FASD before I bought Malbin's book. 

The reasons it is often called the "invisible disorder" include:

• Cultural treatment of addiction 
• Stigma and shame upon pregnant women and mothers
• Lack of outward signs and misdiagnosis 
• Under education for pregnant women
• Under education of medical professionals
• Discomfort discussing alcohol and pregnancy 

FASD refers to the wide range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive impairments that occur due to alcohol exposure before birth. There is no known safe amount of alcohol to consume during pregnancy. Any amount can put a baby at risk for FASD. Individuals with FASD may have difficulty in the following areas: 

• learning and memory
• understanding and following directions
• switching attention between tasks
• controlling emotions and impulsivity
• communicating and developing social skills
• performing daily life skills like counting money, telling time and minding personal safety

On Education

If the symptoms listed above sound like they might make the standard educational experience more difficult for these learners, bingo! I also acknowledge that as online educators, we likely have no idea if our student has FASD, Autism, or any other neurodiversity unless that information is offered by their parent. *As a note to parents, please give your children's educators all the information possible to best serve your student. 

The challenges in giving students with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder a safe and equitable education are plentiful. First, FASD can be difficult to identify because its symptoms vary widely and overlap with other conditions. Many students remain a true mystery to their educators and families, which leads to frustration for all involved. In the case of our son, we had an academically gifted young student, who played with his spit every single time he was unsupervised. He had a brain full of dinosaur facts, was perhaps "too social" to be Autistic, but ripped up every single blanket or sheet he was given for years. I am certain his needs would be unidentified to this day, had I not found that first book. 

Next, educators may not have sufficient training to recognize FASD or understand its impact on learning and behavior. This lack of awareness can result in misinterpretation of students' needs and behaviors. Managing these behaviors in a physical classroom or virtual classroom setting requires specialized strategies and super human patience from educators. We were fortunate to have a few beautiful and patient early education teachers for our son. But ultimately, given the lack of resources in our public education system, leading to a shortage of qualified teachers, our son also came under the care of a substitute that was simply unqualified to tolerate his behavioral symptoms. We very quickly became a homeschooling family.

The message to educators is this: We don't know what we don't know. So, what if your student isn't lazy?

What if they aren't being careless?

What if they aren't giving you a hard time?

What if they are having a hard time?

Let's lead our online classrooms with an open mind, giving grace and assuming the best of all learners. Get curious about their behaviors. After our son had been diagnosed with FASD for about a year, our 7 year old daughter began to struggle significantly in school. As self declared FASD experts by that time, the symptoms were painfully easy for us to see. She was diagnosed by the same specialist in 2019. 

Every student with FASD is as unique as any other. In our case, our daughter will likely never understand the concepts of time or money. Our son will likely never have the impulse control to safely live independently. Our parenting journey is difficult and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder simply sucks. I would never sugar coat or try to paint a rosy picture of completely avoidable, lifelong, brain damage inflicted on children. Curious, patient, collaborative educators will make all the difference in their lives.

To learn more about FASD, please visit:

Free, Confidential Information for Substance UseUnderstanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

NCFASD Informed 

What Educators Can Do

Brittney Machovec, a special needs and adoptive mother of four, began her journey of online teaching in 2018. Knowing that her family's needs required her to work from home, she found her passion with English learners on the other side of the world. Six years later, she now teaches independently while educating her children from home. With a special heart for neurodiverse learners, she specializes in private reading tutoring and private ESL instruction. To learn more about her offerings, visit SOR With Teacher Brittney.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the artistic field is significantly transforming the way artists create and innovate. AI offers new tools that streamline the creative process, generate fresh ideas, while raising complex ethical considerations. This technological advancement presents exciting opportunities for artists across various disciplines to explore new possibilities.

 Traditionally, artists have depended on their imagination and technical skills to bring their visions to life. Using reference photos is a standard practice, though reference photos found on the web create copyright infringement issues. The introduction of AI technology has added a new dimension to this process. By utilizing AI algorithms, artists can now convert verbal descriptions and written instructions into visual representations with remarkable speed and precision. This capability accelerates production and provides a wealth of reference materials that inspire and inform artistic work.

 A significant advantage of AI in art is its ability to produce copyright-free visual references in a multitude of styles and forms. Unlike traditional sources of inspiration, such as stock images or reference photos, AI-generated images are not subject to copyright restrictions. This freedom allows artists to explore a wide range of visual stimuli without the risk of infringing on intellectual property rights, promoting a more open and collaborative creative environment.

One may argue that the use of AI images IS copyright infringement as it is “stealing” the work that is learned from input of thousands of artists.  Let me give you an example of how I use AI to influence my work, not copy from it.

I wanted to recreate Quasimodo, in my Digital Painting Class, from “Hunchback of Notre Dame”, as a young girl.  Feeding my verbal cues into AI, based on the images that I “saw” in my head- it looked something like this:

“…happy Quasimodo with hunchback, one eye swollen shut, big nose as a cute redhead Pixar style pudgy girl - full body from cloth shoes to curly hair ringing the large bells of Notre Dame.”

Some pictures that were generated were close to what I had envisioned. 

Others missed the mark – completely.

 The first photo missed the entire Quasimodo apect of: "...hunchback, one eye swollen shut, big nose... "  The second picture concentrated on these atrtributes TOO much. Taking various aspects from the images that I created, I was able to cement my inner visual conception of the Quasimodo I WANTED to create and came up with this:

This is a piece that is completely my own, inspired by my internal images and images created through AI. AI offers an unlimited supply of copyright-free visual references, reducing the risk of legal complications related to copyright infringement. Unlike sourcing inspiration from platforms like Pinterest, where the origin and usage rights of images may be unclear, AI-generated images offer a legal and readily accessible alternative. This ensures that artists can confidently explore a diverse range of visual stimuli without the burden of copyright concerns, as long as original work is created FROM said images. Despite the benefits of AI in the artistic process, ethical considerations should always be considered regarding its usage. It's crucial for artists to approach AI-generated content with integrity, using it as a reference rather than a substitute for original creativity. 

 The ethical implications of using AI in art must be carefully considered. While AI offers valuable support in the creative process, responsible and ethical use is crucial. This includes being transparent about the use of AI-generated content and giving proper acknowledgment to the creators of the algorithms and datasets used. More and more platforms are tightening up the rules and regulations around posting images and citing those that rea AI generated. 

 Maintaining transparency and integrity is essential to preserve trust within the artistic community and with audiences. Clearly labeling AI-generated content and acknowledging its origins helps artists uphold ethical standards and avoid accusations of plagiarism or misrepresentation. This practice protects the rights of original creators and ensures that artists maintain their credibility and reputation.

 Artists must also be aware of potential biases in AI algorithms. AI is only as good as the data it is trained on, and biases in the training data can lead to biased outcomes. Therefore, it is important for artists to critically evaluate AI-generated content and avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes or prejudices.

 Despite these challenges, AI technology offers immense potential for the future of art. By using AI responsibly, artists can explore new creative dimensions and push the boundaries of artistic expression. From generating innovative ideas to collaborating with AI systems, the possibilities are endless.

 The integration of AI into the artistic process is a significant advancement for the creative community when used with integrity. By embracing AI technology while maintaining a commitment to transparency, artists can harness its potential to innovate and inspire. As AI continues to evolve, it is up to artists to navigate its complexities and ensure it serves as a tool for ethical artistic exploration and expression.

 Expanding AI's Role in Art

 Another application of AI in art is in personalized content creation. AI can analyze an artist's style and preferences to suggest modifications or generate new pieces that align with their unique aesthetic. This personalized approach can help artists discover new directions for their work and refine their artistic voice. AI can inspire and compel artists to stretch outside of their comfort zones within their own genres and stylizations.

The integration of AI into the explorative creative process during  pre-planning, streamlines this process and provides access to a wealth of visual references- which serve only as a jumping off point to the human artist’s  creative voice.

Ethical Considerations and Best Practices

While the potential of AI in art is vast, it is essential to address ethical considerations and establish best practices for its use. Artists and developers should adhere to guidelines that promote transparency, fairness, and respect for intellectual property.

 One best practice is to ensure that AI-generated content is clearly labeled. When exhibiting or selling art that involves AI, artists should disclose the extent of AI's involvement in the creation process. This transparency helps maintain the integrity of the artwork and fosters trust among viewers and buyers.

 Additionally, artists should be mindful of the sources of their AI training data. Using ethically sourced and diverse datasets can help mitigate biases and ensure that AI-generated content is fair and inclusive. Collaboration with ethicists and AI experts can also provide valuable insights into the responsible use of AI in art.

 To further ethical practices, the artistic community can establish forums and organizations dedicated to discussing the implications of AI in art. These platforms can serve as spaces for sharing knowledge, addressing concerns, and developing standards for ethical AI use. By fostering a community dialogue, artists can collectively navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by AI technology.

The Lure of Using AI Images in Product Sales

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to create images for product sales is an enticing proposition for businesses. AI-generated images can be produced quickly and cost-effectively, bypassing the years of training and practice required for human artists. This efficiency appeals to companies seeking to streamline production and reduce costs.

 However, the ease of using AI images comes with its own set of challenges and implications. One significant concern is the potential devaluation of human artistry. Human artists invest decades into honing their craft, developing unique styles, and pushing the boundaries of creativity. This depth of skill and individual expression cannot be replicated by AI, which relies on pre-existing data and algorithms to generate images.  AI images often lack the very “soul” that brings the image to life.

 As AI-generated images become more prevalent, the scarcity and unique value of human-created art may drive up its prices. The human mind's creative ability is limitless, offering innovations and perspectives that AI cannot match. This intrinsic value could lead to a market where human artistry is seen as a premium commodity, highly sought after for its originality and depth. From one human artist to another – save your process videos and work in progress to authenticate the human talent behind your pieces!

 Businesses might initially be drawn to the cost and time savings associated with AI images. However, there will always be a segment of the market that values and is willing to pay a premium for the uniqueness and authenticity of human-created art. Artists who can navigate this evolving landscape, leveraging both their traditional skills and the benefits of AI, will find new opportunities to command higher prices for their work.

 While AI images offer an attractive shortcut for product sales, the irreplaceable value of human creativity ensures that artists will remain indispensable. As the market adjusts to the capabilities of AI, the demand for the distinctiveness and innovation provided by human artists will likely increase, solidifying their role and value in the creative industry.

The Future of AI in Art

Looking ahead, the role of AI in art is likely to expand as technology continues to advance. Emerging AI techniques, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and reinforcement learning, offer new possibilities for creative expression. These technologies can generate highly realistic and complex images, providing artists with powerful tools to explore new artistic territories.

 In addition to technical advancements, the future of AI in art will be shaped by ongoing discussions about ethics and best practices. As the artistic community continues to grapple with the implications of AI, it will be important to develop frameworks that ensure the responsible and ethical use of this technology. This includes addressing issues related to copyright, ownership, and the impact of AI on the creative workforce.

The  integration of artificial intelligence into the artistic process represents a significant advancement for the creative community. By embracing AI technology while maintaining a commitment to transparency and integrity, artists can harness their potential to innovate and inspire. As AI continues to evolve, it is up to artists to navigate its complexities and ensure that it serves as a tool for ethical artistic exploration and expression. It is here- the question is: How do we use it ethically?

Using AI Art in the Classroom

 Within the confines of my classes, I try to allow the students to pick what we will draw, as in the Kawaii Doodle Lab and the Character Design Lab. .Sometimes the ideas that are generated are WILD.  In the past, we would spend hours searching reference photos to bring the image together. I use MIDJOURNEY to generate images for inspiration, (and share them with the class) not to be used or copied. In doing so, I like to think that I am contributing to the responsible use of AI for future generations. One of my classes where I depend on AI generated images for inspiration is the Digital Painting Class- where each week is a new adventure in painting!  Check out my class offerings here, for ages 8-108 or my instagram account to see all of the things we have created in my classes!

When it comes to teaching children early literacy skills, phonics is a crucial part of that process. Now that it’s summer, you may be wondering how you can help your child begin learning (or continue building) those important phonics skills so that they will be ready for school. Learning at home can be difficult, especially during the summer. You may not even know where to start. That’s okay! Let’s start with the basics. 

What is Phonics?

Phonics is how we teach young children the relationship between sounds and letters. This is why when starting out, we want to teach letter names and letter sounds together. Once children know the sound each letter makes, they can then begin to put letters together to form words. When teaching early reading skills, we want to encourage children to sound out words (instead of guessing what the word is). When children have a strong foundation in phonics skills, this makes it easier to build on that foundation later on when children are beginning to read full texts. 

In addition to phonics, it’s also important to be practicing phonological awareness skills with your child. Phonological awareness is the awareness of the sounds in words. While phonics puts sounds and written words together, phonological awareness focuses on just the sounds. Skills like recognizing rhyming words, identifying syllables in a spoken word, and identifying phonemes (or the smallest unit of sound in a word) are some of the phonological awareness skills young children need to learn before they begin reading. 

Now that you have a basic understanding of what skills you want to be focusing on, here are a few tips for successful phonics lessons you can start using with your own kids this summer to help them get ready for school. 

Focus On Phonics Basics

When working with your child, try to focus on the basic information they need to learn. For example, if you have a rising kindergartner, you’ll want to focus on helping them learn letter names and sounds and then show them how to start blending letters to make CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) words. Keep it simple! This way both you and your child won’t become too overwhelmed with everything they have to learn. You can also keep the activities simple. Sometimes all you need is some letter cards and a white board to start. Show your child the letter card and the picture, emphasizing the first sound in the word that begins with that letter. Have your child use the white board to practice writing the letter. For CVC words, you can give your child magnetic letters to start building words using the letters they’ve learned. It’s really that simple! 

Keep It Short

When doing a lesson with your child, it doesn’t have to be long; keep it short. You’ll be amazed with how much you can get done during a 5 to 10 minute lesson! Keep your child focused on the task at hand by moving the activity forward quickly. Give clear, concise directions. Model for your child how to do an activity, do it with them, and then give them a chance to do it on their own. Observe your child carefully throughout the lesson to see if they’re getting distracted or tired, and end there. You can always go back to it later when your child is ready to focus again. 

Don’t Force It

It’s so important to remember not to force your child to complete an activity! Forcing a child to sit at a desk for a long time working when they are just not able to sit still and focus isn’t going to help them learn. It usually ends with both of you feeling frustrated and then nothing gets done. Believe me; I understand the struggle! This is something I have to continually remind myself of time and time again in my own tutoring practice. There are many times when I have an activity planned and the child I’m working with is having none of it. The most effective strategy I’ve found in working with a child who isn’t interested in doing the activity is to give them a choice. Sometimes letting them choose an activity where they are practicing the same skill but are able to be more active can really go a long way in motivating them to learn. And sometimes, you just need to take a brain break. Go outside and let a little energy out! The most important thing to remember is to be patient and be consistent. Learning phonics skills is incredibly difficult and takes a lot of time. That’s okay! Your child will feel supported if they know you are there to help them every step of the way. 

Keep It Fun

It’s 100% okay to keep things fun and interesting. In fact, that’s the best way to get your child motivated to learn. It’s also easy if you’re willing to think a little outside the box. Take opportunities throughout the day even when it’s not learning time to point out things you notice around you. If your child sees a dog while going for a walk, you could ask your child, “What’s the first sound you hear in the word ‘dog’?” Make learning time into a game. Have your child write letters on pieces of construction paper, spread them all over the room, and then have your child hop from letter to letter, telling you the sound each letter makes. Read books with your child. Books with lots of colorful pictures and rhyming words can be fantastic resources for learning about rhyming words, introducing new vocabulary, and discussing what happens in the book (retelling is an important skill for kindergarten). You can also sing nursery rhymes, do finger plays, and encourage pretend play with your child. These are all important parts of learning early literacy skills! 

Need Some Extra Help? 

Maybe you’ve tried all of these strategies, but you’re still having trouble and you really need someone to help. Please feel free to reach out to me! I’m Elizabeth, an early literacy tutor who helps kids just like yours become confident, fluent readers. I do a lot of work with rising kindergartners and first graders by helping them build a strong foundation of early literacy skills that will help them as they enter school. I would love to work with you and your child too! You can find me at my profile. 

At IndyEd.com, our goal is to provide students with a diverse array of learning opportunities. That's why we provide both secular and nonsecular (religious) education options. These designations are the divisions we use to categorize our educators and their offerings, as we recognize the importance of these two primary educational hierarchies to learners. However, we understand that these terms can be confusing for some. Let's clarify their meanings!

Secular Curriculum

Secular curriculum refers to educational content that is entirely free from religious influence or affiliation. While it may mention religion in a historical or cultural context, it does not promote or advocate for any specific religious beliefs or doctrines. Secular curricula are designed to provide a learning environment for students who prefer an education free from religious influence. With secular curriculum, you can expect topics such as evolution, the geologic age of the Earth, and other topics that don't always align with faith-based systems. You will NOT encounter topics such as young Earth creationism. There is no discussion at all of any topics that pertain to religious belief systems.Religion can and should be discussed as needed in various secular classes. For example, a secular class on European history will discuss various religions and the role those religions played in a historical and/or cultural context. The class would NOT promote any of the doctrines or beliefs of those religions as fact. 

Nonsecular Curriculum

Nonsecular (religious) curriculum incorporates religious beliefs, teachings, or doctrines into the educational content. It may be affiliated with a specific religion or religious institution, and the curriculum reflects the values, beliefs, and teachings of that religion. Nonsecular curricula are used when the goal is to integrate religious teachings into academic subjects. With nonsecular curricula, depending on the belief system being taught, you may encounter topics such as young Earth creationism in science and history. You may or may not encounter topics such as evolution, and those topics may be discussed from an apologetics standpoint. 

There is a subset of religious curriculum called neutral. Neutral curriculum refers to educational content that, while not specifically teaching any faith based content, also does not teach secular content. In neutral science or history curriculum for example, there would be no mention of evolution or young Earth creationism.

In summary, secular curriculum is entirely free from religious influence and nonsecular curriculum incorporates religious teachings into the educational content. The choice of curriculum depends on the educational philosophy, goals, and preferences of the learner. To find the curriculum and educational resources that best fit your individual learning goals, make sure you choose secular or nonsecular from the CURRICULUM TYPE dropdown menu in our search engine. If the designation of secular and nonsecular is important to you, we recommend that you have a thorough discussion with the educator prior to purchase to ensure you are receiving the curriculum type you desire.

Cooking and baking with kids may sound like a recipe for disaster, but it’s really a recipe for success. Involving children in the kitchen provides a wealth of benefits, ranging from improved academic performance to better dietary habits. Here’s why getting kids involved in cooking and baking is so crucial.

Building Essential Life Skills

Learning to cook and bake is about more than just making food—it’s about building essential life skills. When kids learn to cook, they develop abilities to follow instructions, manage time, and exercise patience. Each recipe is a mini-project that teaches planning and organization. These skills will serve them well beyond the kitchen.

Children also learn to be adaptable and resourceful. When a recipe doesn't go as planned, they must think on their feet to solve problems. These experiences teach resilience and the ability to handle unexpected situations—a skill set that is invaluable in every aspect of life.

Enhancing Math and Science Skills

Baking a batch of cookies is an undercover math and science lesson. Measuring ingredients sharpens math skills and gives kids a practical understanding of fractions. They learn to convert measurements and understand proportions, which strengthens their numerical literacy.

Baking also acts as a chemistry experiment. Watching ingredients interact—such as how baking soda causes dough to rise or how heat changes the texture of batter—provides a hands-on science lesson that makes learning fun and delicious. These activities help demystify scientific concepts and foster a curiosity for how things work.

Sparking Creativity

The kitchen is a place where creativity flourishes. Kids can experiment with flavors, textures, and presentations. They learn to improvise and think on their feet when things don’t go as planned. These moments teach resilience and problem-solving in the sweetest way possible. Plus, the pride and accomplishment from creating something on their own is unbeatable.

Creative cooking also encourages kids to explore cultural diversity. By preparing dishes from different countries, they learn about various cultures and traditions, broadening their understanding and appreciation of the world. This cultural exploration can inspire a lifelong interest in travel and global cuisine.

Promoting Family Bonding

Cooking and baking together create priceless family memories. It’s a time to put away screens, roll up your sleeves, and connect with each other. Sharing family recipes, telling stories, and making a mess are all part of the fun. Nothing brings people together quite like food. Moments spent in the kitchen can become cherished traditions passed down through generations.

In a world where busy schedules often limit family interactions, cooking together offers a unique opportunity to strengthen relationships. These shared experiences foster communication, cooperation, and a sense of belonging. Children who cook with their families are more likely to carry on these traditions with their own children, creating a lasting legacy of togetherness.

Encouraging Healthy Eating Habits

When kids are involved in preparing meals, they develop a better understanding of what goes into their food. They’re more likely to try new things and make healthier choices. Teaching them about different ingredients and how to balance a meal helps establish lifelong healthy eating habits. Plus, they’ll appreciate the effort that goes into preparing food, fostering a more mindful approach to eating.

Children who cook are also more aware of portion sizes and the nutritional value of different foods. This awareness can lead to better dietary choices and a reduced risk of developing unhealthy eating habits. Cooking at home allows for greater control over ingredients, which can help limit the intake of processed foods and excess sugars.

Boosting Confidence

Mastering a recipe and sharing the creation with others is incredibly empowering. Every success in the kitchen, big or small, boosts a child’s confidence. They learn that they are capable of creating something amazing with their own hands. This confidence spills over into other areas of their lives, encouraging them to take on new challenges and believe in their abilities.

Completing a recipe from start to finish gives children a sense of accomplishment and pride. This boost in self-esteem is particularly important during developmental years, as it helps build a positive self-image and encourages a proactive attitude towards learning and personal growth.

Teaching Responsibility and Independence

Cooking and baking teach children responsibility and independence. They learn to clean up after themselves, follow safety rules, and manage their time effectively. These responsibilities translate into other areas of their lives, making them more accountable and self-reliant.

As they grow older, kids who are comfortable in the kitchen can prepare their own meals, reducing their dependence on adults and fostering a sense of independence. This ability to cook for themselves is an essential life skill that will benefit them throughout their lives, particularly when they move away from home for college or work.

Tips for Cooking with Kids

Choose Age-Appropriate Tasks: Start with simple tasks like washing vegetables, stirring, or decorating. As they get older, introduce more complex techniques.

Be Patient and Flexible: Mistakes will happen, and that’s okay! Embrace the mess and use it as a learning opportunity.

Make it Fun: Turn cooking into a game. Have them guess ingredients, make funny shapes with cookie cutters, or create their own recipes.

Teach Safety: Emphasize the importance of kitchen safety, like handling knives properly and being cautious around hot surfaces.

Celebrate Their Efforts: Whether the final product is a masterpiece or a mishap, celebrate the effort and creativity they put into it.

Supporting Data

Research supports the numerous benefits of teaching kids to cook:

1. Math Skills Improvement: A study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that children who participate in cooking activities develop better math skills through measuring ingredients and following recipes.

2. Science Knowledge: Cooking applies scientific principles, enhancing children’s understanding and interest in science, according to the Journal of Chemical Education.

3. Healthy Eating Habits: The Journal of Public Health reports that children involved in cooking are more likely to try new foods and develop healthier eating habits.

4. Reduced Risk of Obesity: Research from the American Academy of Pediatrics indicates that children who cook at home are less likely to consume fast food and sugary drinks, reducing the risk of obesity.

5. Family Bonding: A study by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University found that families who cook and eat together have better relationships and children are less likely to engage in substance abuse.

6. Confidence and Self-Esteem: The Journal of Youth and Adolescence reports that children involved in regular cooking activities have higher levels of self-efficacy and confidence.

7. Life Skills Development: According to the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, children who cook regularly are better prepared for independent living and show higher levels of self-sufficiency.

8. Problem-Solving and Creativity: Cooking activities encourage problem-solving, critical thinking, and creativity, as highlighted in the Early Childhood Education Journal.

Teaching kids to cook and bake is one of the best gifts you can give them. It’s about nurturing their growth, creativity, and confidence, all while creating delicious memories. So, roll up your sleeves, embrace the mess, and start cooking with your kids today. The benefits will last a lifetime, shaping them into confident, independent, and health-conscious individuals.

---

References

1. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior

2. Journal of Chemical Education

3. Journal of Public Health

4. American Academy of Pediatrics

5. National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University

6. Journal of Youth and Adolescence

7. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

8. Early Childhood Education Journal

Michelle Blaine is a passionate chef instructor and author, known for her love of all things baked. With a culinary career spanning over two decades, Michelle has honed her skills in the art of baking and pastry, inspiring countless students with her expertise and enthusiasm. Her classes are a blend of traditional techniques and innovative approaches, making baking accessible and enjoyable for everyone. As an author, Michelle has penned an acclaimed cookbook for kids “Bake The Basics: Start baking today with easy-to-follow recipes and tips", sharing delectable recipes and baking wisdom with her young audience. She has written numerous baking and pastry articles and has been featured in BAKING and Pastry Arts Magazine.  Her dedication to the craft and her infectious love for baking continues to make her a beloved figure in the culinary world.  Find her at https://www.bornbaker.com 

The Sweet Journey: Why Kids Should Learn to Cook and Bake by Michelle Blaine is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

Just about every time I tell people that I work from home, they ask me what it is that I do. I cheerfully say, "I'm a teacher!" This is usually followed by, "What do you teach?" So I happily elaborate, "Homesteading, writing, social clubs – "and that's when I take the big sigh and cautiously add, " – and video games." And then I wait for one of two inevitable reactions: overt enthusiasm followed by the names of some specific games played by that family; or an internal (or even external) eye roll, often followed by a rhetorical, "What's educational about video games?"

Well, since you asked, here's what your kid (or even you!) can learn from video games – with just a handful of examples among the hundreds I could list.

Money, Budgeting, and Return on Investment

Most games have some sort of monetary system, with big-ticket items to save up for. Gamer kids quickly learn the best ways to make money, which activities are most profitable, what items are worth buying, and which are skippable in favor of better gear.

Hand-Eye Coordination

As the world becomes more techno-centric, game controllers are being used increasingly in fields such as surgery and military applications. Nuclear submarines and drones just switched to Xbox controllers for steering and camera functions. Familiarity and ease with controller-style inputs are quickly becoming a valuable and marketable career skill. Video gamers are also highly desired by industries that use heavy equipment (timber harvesters, excavators, etc.) because they have great reflexes and are already accustomed to interacting remotely with a digital interface and the importance of getting it right the first time. Geometry Dash is a reflex-based keyboard game that relies on precise timing and perfect runs. One mistake and the whole level starts over – great practice for a future surgeon.

Photo credit: CSIRO, Wikimedia Commons

Civics and Government

Dabble with real-world historical politics in Hearts of Iron. Change government types of various nations. Take on the role of benevolent dictator, communist comrade, or democratically-elected national leader; and then see what consequences your decision yields. In Stellaris, you can direct the fate of the universe, using intergalactic diplomacy to choose whether to conquer or befriend alien worlds and systems, or declare war on the known planetary systems. Sid Meier's Civilization series puts the player in control as leader of various different historical nations, with culturally-specific advantages and disadvantages to each one. Find out whether you can keep Rome from falling – again.

City Planning and Management

Games like Cities Skylines and Cities XXL put the player in the seat of city manager, with the goal of erecting a metropolis from a fallow field or a failed city. The player is responsible for everything; from road placement, sewage and pollution management, power generation, disaster response, budgeting, services, taxation, and providing various levels of housing in differing tiers of residential neighborhoods. Players learn the value of providing for the needs of the citizenry while maintaining a delicate balance of resource allocation and budgeting confines.

Physical Education

The virtual reality (VR) space is a great place to get your gamer moving – regardless of any weather or travel constraints. With full-body interaction and involvement, games like Gorilla Tag make it fun to move around and get some extra wiggles out. VR experiences like Synth Riders are suited for all ages, melting away those pesky bat wings as you tag moving colored spheres to the rhythm of thousands of song selections. You might just lose track of time and accidentally burn 700 calories, like my family did one rainy afternoon.

Geography

Uncharted Waters Online is a historical sailing game wherein the player takes on the role of a ship fleet admiral; transporting goods around the world, fighting pirates, and dealing with colonies and national superpowers along the way. The game map is the real world, complete with historically accurate port names, imports, and export goods.

Windows Flight Simulator uses an actual model of the current real world as the background for its aviation action. Space Engine lets the player fly and explore the universe in a "photorealistic interactive 3D planetarium." Google Earth VR allows for interactive exploration of the world through a virtual reality interface, with enough zoom-in powers to count the bushes in most regions. European and American Truck Simulator use a condensed version of the real respective Interstate systems as a roadmap. In addition to learning how to properly operate a big rig, you must also follow all local traffic laws in the course of each mission.

Rhythm and Musicality

Friday Night Funkin' relies on keyboard accuracy on the part of the player to hit the correct arrow key at the correct time. Beat Saber is a popular VR title wherein players hit moving targets at precise beats and angles to the rhythm of the music. There are also several game titles (standard and VR) that allow the user to create music using various instruments, sounds, and looping software.

Inventory Management and Organizational Skills

In Core Keeper, the player is trapped underground and must figure out how to survive with nothing more than a snack and maybe one tool. Exploration is the key, but carrying space is limited. Just like other sandbox games (Minecraft, Terraria, etc.) storage chests must be crafted and managed. Players that do not create useful organizational storage systems will have a very difficult time retrieving necessary items during game play.

Spatial Awareness

Games like Minecraft have players thinking and dividing in batches of 64, and also analyzing and interacting with a world divided into equal cubic chunks, breaking a vast and unfathomably endless world into comprehensible, bite-sized pieces. Portal is a puzzle-solving game requiring the player and objects to move around the world through the strategic placement of teleporting holes in the walls, ceilings, and floors – entering at one point and exiting at an entirely different point - with velocity intact - to get through each challenge map.

Order of Operations

Sandbox games like Terraria allow for a lot of open-world game play, but also require strategy in how to tackle things like combat. Take on the wrong boss first, and you'll find your world comes to a swift end. Same thing with the Megaman series, in that choosing the correct bosses weapons to harvest determines which other bosses can be beaten, like an advanced rock-paper-scissors strategy.

Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

The Legend of Zelda franchise is not just about running around smashing pots, kicking chickens, and collecting rupees. Most of the titles also incorporate some legendary puzzle solving – requiring the player to independently figure out mechanisms and solutions in order to move the story along and access the next challenge. (By the way, the guy in green is Link. Zelda is the name of the princess.) You can also check out titles like The Room for more puzzles and less action.

Strategy

Games like chess have long been considered beneficial for sharpening on the mind and strategic thinking. Age of Empires and StarCraft are examples of some video games in the category of "real-time strategy" (RTS). While one takes place in the feudal ages and the other in space, they both have a civilization building mechanic, where the player starts at foraging, then eventually building; which leads to amassing a military, and eventually attempting to expand territory (or defend one's own homeland). Several choices along the way can drastically affect the final outcome, and it is up to the player to utilize an effective strategy – which can vary quite a bit depending on the opponent. League of Legends is an online multiplayer with a bit more action that is also considered an RTS game.

Engineering

In both Factorio and Satisfactory, players are dropped into an alien world with nothing more than a handful of tools. Players must then – starting off with raw minerals – collect, smelt, combine, and build increasingly complicated factories with an end goal of building a space-worthy vessel. World of Goo is comprised of increasingly difficult challenges in which the player must build structures and bridges that won't collapse under their own weight.

Rocket Science

Want to build a rocket out of components and launch them in an attempt to reach certain altitude goals? Kerbal Space Program (1&2) is "based on realistic aerodynamic and orbital physics," often requiring advanced math and complicated calculations to reach the desired thrust and trajectory. Juno: New Origins is also a great space-faring simulation.

Learn to Fly 3 is geared toward the younger or more casual player, and uses household items to help a penguin become airborne. Simple Rockets is a simpler 2D rocket-building game.

Simulated Skills Training

Milling Machine Simulator teaches players the ins and outs of how to use a milling machine. The Steam VR store has virtual simulator classes on other vocational skills, such as Scaffolding Training, Load Slinging, Electrical Safety, Lock Out Tagout, Confined Space Entry, etc.

He could be chatting with friends, planning a tactical strike, or engineering an empire.

Cooperation

If a game is labeled "cooperative multiplayer," that means that players can work together toward a common goal. For example, in Raft, marooned players salvage and build an ever-more-complicated raft in order to survive with limited resources.

Portal 2 is an excellent multiplayer puzzler game that may have both of you scratching your heads with the increasing spatial difficulty. The excellent characters, storyline, and great soundtrack are just a bonus.

Even though you capture animals out in the wild and tame them into helping you work in Palworld, it's a lot more fun also working with friends as you forage, gather, battle, and work your way through a complicated crafting tech tree. It may not be the most educational game in this list, but it is a lot of fun!

Languages

Games like Slashingo allow the player an inductive way to learn languages as they wander through the city snapping photos. Metamorphabet is a fun interactive experience that allows younger language learners to click through the English letters, with representative phonetic sounds and engaging visuals.

Sportsmanship

Tensions can run high in competitive online games like Fortnite. Gamers can log into online lobbies and join with other players worldwide, randomly (or with friends) competing against other teams in ranked matches. Roblox also offers a wide variety of cooperative and competitive multiplayer titles that give gamers experience in being both a good winner and a good loser. Rocket League (think cars playing soccer) is another fun online multiplayer that can help foster cooperation and team building skills.

Time Management

In Stardew Valley – my favorite game – the player must rehabilitate and operate Grandpa's farm in a small idyllic town. Animals must be fed and cared for daily, and neglected crops do not grow. Each seed type has its own growing season and ripening time (which can be modified through the use of fertilizers). The in-game year consists of four rotating 28-day seasons (with events, forage, and items that are season- and time-sensitive), and the player falls asleep at 2AM daily. With so many things to do, time is the most valuable asset in the game.

Likewise, the gameplay and environment in Animal Crossing changes based on the player's real-world season and time of day. Collections like fish and insects may be seasonally or temporally available. If you forget to catch them when they're around, you may have to wait until the next real world calendar year!

Genetics

Slime Rancher is an open world game wherein the main player explores an alien planet, scooping up various kinds of slimes and breeding them in strategic combinations in order to glean key ingredients to advance crafting and game play. Games like Spore and Niche follow generations of organisms through breeding and reproduction, with predictable attribute changes based on the characteristics of the parents. Koi Farm is an extremely chill and beautifully calm game of selectively breeding fish for desired colors and patterns.

Coding and Asset Creation

There are many, many game fandoms that support modding (modifying or changing something about a game). Gamers often join modding communities to learn how to do things like change skins (the way a character or in-game object looks), insert new objects or characters, buffing or nerfing (to add or take away strength) gear or armor, or creating new levels. Garry's Mod is perhaps the best example as it is basically a sandbox (virtual world setting without specific goals or objectives) waiting for players to add their own assets (mods) to create their own game play.

Players can learn how to program and code while having fun with while true: learn() and Human Resource Machine. Scratch is another popular way to introduce learners to coding through gamification.

Not All Games Are Created EqualAs a parent, you still need to do your due diligence. Do check out the ratings (ESRB or PEGI) and read reviews. Be wary of any games that have a voice chat function (where players talk with each other live online during gaming) - especially if you don't want your kids learning some new and colorful words. Keep your kids out of unvetted public online gaming spaces like VR Chat – or even some darker corners of Roblox. Not all gaming spaces are scary and dangerous, just like a night club does not have the same vibe as a restaurant.

Be aware that not all games are beneficial and worthy of your time, money, and effort. Some video games are literally about whether or not Scooby Doo can beat up Batman. (I'm looking at you, MultiVersus and Super Smash Bros.) There are millions of Roblox titles that simply exist to try and catch some Robux (in-game currency bought with real-world dollars). And yes, some games are just about fighting, violence, and destruction.

But there are SO MANY good ones out there that are well-built, exciting, fun, relaxing – and could even teach you something. Spend your time on those games. And remember, all things in moderation. As the gamer kids say, "touch grass" every once in awhile!

Humans learn best through play. Game on!

About the author:

Heidi Lathrem and her family homestead in the temperate rainforest of the US Pacific Northwest. Since it gets dark early and rains nine months out of the year, there are a lot of soggy evenings – just perfect for gaming!

Sharing her love of video games with others, Heidi has been hosting online gaming classes since 2020. These social clubs provide a safe space for gamers of all types to come together, play, share, and work on social skills in a laid-back group environment. She has general play and chat clubs - where learners can share most any game they love - and also hosts specific co-op play groups in Stardew Valley, Core Keeper, Palworld, and Counter-Strike 2; as well as a Minecraft Chat class.

You can check out her current classes here: https://harvestheritageacademy.podia.com/

Feel free to reach out and message with any questions, for more information, or specific game recommendations.

You can play most of the games mentioned in this article on a PC. Look for them on Steam. Animal Crossing and Legend of Zelda are Nintendo-only titles and require a console to play.

When we think of extracurricular activities for our children, options like art, music, sports, and scouting often come to mind. We enroll our kids in these activities because we recognize the benefits that justify the investment of time and money. However, there is one often-overlooked opportunity that could significantly boost your child’s intellectual, social, and emotional growth: speech and debate.

Participation in speech and debate programs is highly valued on college applications, ranking just behind the prestigious Eagle Scout designation. Given its importance, it’s puzzling why this activity isn't more widespread and why many high schools lack such programs.

One major reason is funding. Spectators readily pay for band performances and basketball games, but not for debate tournaments, making it less financially viable. However, this changed in 2020 with the rise of virtual education opportunities. Now, any subject or skill, including speech and debate, is accessible to your child regardless of geographical limitations.

Top 3 Benefits of Speech & Debate

Speech and debate stand out among extracurriculars because they teach enduring skills that are applicable throughout life. Here are three key benefits:

1. **Communication Skills**

   Effective communication is essential in any era. Speech and debate programs help participants develop the ability to articulate compelling arguments and present them clearly. This skill empowers children to express themselves confidently in various personal and professional scenarios.

2. **Critical Thinking and Research Skills**

   Speech and debate foster critical thinking by challenging participants to question information, analyze complex issues, consider multiple viewpoints, and construct well-reasoned arguments. The research component teaches children to gather information from credible sources, a crucial skill in today's information-saturated world.

3. **Confidence**

   Engaging in speech and debate significantly boosts confidence. Public speaking is a common fear, and confronting it early in a supportive environment can be transformative. This newfound confidence can open doors to future career opportunities and personal growth.

Implementing Speech and Debate at Home

Whether you want to introduce debate at home or provide extra practice for an aspiring debater, here are some strategies to encourage speech and debate skills:

**Impromptu Speaking**

Ask a "would you rather" question and have your child spend two minutes explaining their choice in complete sentences. They can either start immediately or take a few minutes to organize their thoughts. Challenge them further by asking why they didn’t choose the other option. For an added challenge, have them present their answer standing in front of the family, and make sure to applaud their efforts. (Grab a free mini lesson and 52 ‘Would You Rather’ questions here. )

**Create a Mini-Debate**

Engage with their reasoning by posing questions or offering counterarguments. For example, if they choose a cat over a dog because dogs need walks, counter with the health benefits of walking a dog. Encourage them to respond, perhaps noting that not everyone has a safe place to walk or that walking could be challenging for someone with mobility issues. Continue the back-and-forth as long as possible. (Get a mini-debate outline here.)

**Encourage Research and Source Credibility**

When your child presents incorrect information, ask them where they got it instead of immediately correcting them. Discuss whether the source is credible. If they mention learning something from YouTube, ask if they would trust a doctor trained solely through YouTube. Encourage them to critically evaluate sources and find credible evidence to support their claims. This not only teaches them to find reliable information but also to persuade skeptical audiences.

Speech and debate may not be as well-known as sports or music lessons, but their impact on a child's development is profound. From honing communication skills and fostering critical thinking to building confidence, the benefits are lifelong.

**More Resources**

For Grownups: We explore practical tips and strategies to develop communication skills at home in our weekly podcast, Speak Out~ Stand Out. 

For Kids: Smash Boom Best is an amazing podcast for kids that teaches the fundamentals of debate using the silliest topics. It's entertaining and educational for all ages and is a great way to pass the time during car rides. 

About Us:

Elizabeth Green is the founder of Green Communications and MySpeechandDebateCoach.com. Since 2020, Elizabeth and her team of world-champion debaters have taught more than 10,000 kids with the mission of building confidence in the future, one young voice at a time.

My Speech and Debate Coach provides customized virtual classes, clubs and tutoring to kids in all stages of speech and debate. Whether you are interested in an intro to debate lesson or are vying for a scholarship to debate at an Ivy League school - we can help you accomplish your goals!  Inquire about coaching or classes here.

IndyEd.com is proud to offer many different learning formats to help you build a custom education. We have secular and non-secular classes, classes for kids and for adults, and almost every subject and format you could imagine! This article will describe what each of our offerings entails so you can easily find the exact learning experience(s) to fit your individual needs and goals. It is important to note that these are generalized definitions! Because IndyEd.com doesn't force educators or learners into labeled boxes, you may find that individual instructors have variations on these definitions. JUMP TO:Online ClassesEducational ResourcesIn Person Experiences All in One Schools  

What kind of educational opportunities can you find on IndyEd.com?

Online Classes

Taking a class online opens up an entire world of learning, literally at your fingertips! Discover subjects ranging from coding to cooking, science to social skills, math to music, and everything in between! If there's a subject you're interested in, there's an online class made just for you.  And if you can't find exactly what you're looking for, reach out to an educator- they are often willing to create a custom class around your interests. Students can join classes from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection. Take a class from your couch, in the park, or even on an airplane!After you've decided on your subject, you have to decide your format. There are many different ways to utilize the various formats of online classes depending on your needs, schedule, and individual learning style. Let's look at the four types of online classes IndyEd.com offers:

Live Classes

• Set schedule 
• Live interaction with teacher and other students

Live online classes are conducted over the internet in real-time, where students and instructors interact virtually. They are normally in a small group setting with 5 to 15 students but can be less or more. Schedules are generally once or twice a week for between 30-60 minutes, but can vary. The major benefit is the live interaction between teachers and students and students with their peers. Students can ask questions, participate in discussions, and receive immediate feedback from the instructor via meeting platforms such as Zoom and Google Meet. 

Asynchronous Classes

• No live meetings
• Students interact with the teacher via email and discussion boards
• Lessons released on a set schedule with a set start and end date for each class
• Students work on their own time within those dates.

Asynchronous online courses, often called "flexi-schedule" or "flex" classes, refer to classes where students access course materials, lectures, quizzes, assignments, and/or discussions at their own pace and convenience within a set time frame, rather than in real-time. Unlike live classes, where students and instructors interact in real-time, asynchronous classes allow for more flexibility in scheduling and participation. These are excellent classes for students with busy schedules or who don't want or need live interaction. There is a set start date and end date for the class, and lesson materials are released generally on a set schedule throughout the course. 

Asynchronous online classes are commonly conducted through learning management systems (LMS) such as Canvas or Google Classroom where instructors upload course materials, lectures, assignments, and facilitate discussions. Pre-recorded lectures, reading assignments, quizzes, and other multimedia resources are provided to support the learning process. Communication between students and instructors typically occurs through discussion boards, email, or messaging systems within the LMS. 

Self Paced Classes

• No live meetings or teacher interaction 
• Courses with a set end date, beginning either on a set date or "on demand" at any time 
• All lessons are released immediately
• Students work on their own time within the set schedule or with indefinite access

Self paced online courses, also called self-directed courses, are classes where students have complete flexibility to progress through the material at their own speed, bound only by the end date of the class- which is generally a more substantial amount of time when compared to asynchronous classes. Some self paced classes may offer indefinite access. Start times can be either a set date or "on demand." In self paced classes, learners have access to all course materials, assignments, and assessments from the beginning, allowing them to study and complete coursework according to their individual preferences and timelines at any time before the final end date of the class. These classes provide the maximum amount of schedule flexibility; however there is generally no teacher or peer interaction in self paced courses. Self paced courses are commonly offered through video platforms, websites, or learning management systems (LMS). 

Private Tutoring and Lessons

• Set schedule 

• Live, individual interaction with teacher

• Ability to focus on your specific needs/goals.

Online tutoring is a form of individualized, one on one teaching and learning, where a tutor provides personalized live instruction and support according to the student's individual needs and goals. Those goals can include academics, music, art, and more. Online tutoring sessions are conducted through video conferencing platforms, where tutors and students can see and communicate with each other in real-time. Students are able to book meetings with the teacher for multiple, ongoing sessions. Tutors can tailor their instruction to meet the specific needs and learning styles of individual students, and provide personalized feedback, address areas of difficulty, and adapt teaching strategies to maximize student understanding and progress. Overall, online tutoring provides a convenient and effective way for students to receive personalized support, improve their understanding of subject matter, and achieve their learning goals.

Educational Resources

Sometimes you don't need a class. You just need some supplements, support materials, or even textbooks to create your own learning experience. This is where the IndyEd.com resources search comes in. We offer several types of educational resources to help you achieve your learning goals.

Downloadable Resources

Downloadable educational resources refers to "on demand" digital materials that can be downloaded immediately from the internet and used for educational purposes. These resources come in various formats, including documents, presentations, worksheets, unit studies, visual aids, e-books, lesson plans, teaching guides, videos, audio files, and more. They cover a wide range of subjects and topics, catering to learners of different ages, interests, and proficiency levels.

Downloadable educational resources offer flexibility, accessibility, and convenience for both educators and learners. They can be easily accessed, customized, and adapted to suit individual learning needs, making them valuable tools for enhancing teaching and learning experiences.Textbooks and WorkbooksTextbooks and workbooks are printed materials produced in physical form, designed to support teaching and learning in various educational settings. Textbooks provide comprehensive coverage of academic subjects and are commonly used as primary instructional materials for a complete curriculum. Workbooks offer practice exercises, activities, and assessments to reinforce learning and assess understanding. These materials are not downloadable and shipping is required.

Learning Aids and KitsLearning aids and kits encompass physical supplemental educational materials that are shipped to learners, including the following:

Teaching Aids and Visuals: Visual aids enhance learning through visual representations of concepts, illustrations, charts, graphs, diagrams, maps, posters, and educational displays. 

Manipulatives and Learning Tools: Manipulatives are hands-on materials that facilitate active learning and conceptual understanding. Examples include counting blocks, geometric shapes, fraction tiles, measuring tools, and models used in math, science, and other subjects.

Flashcards and Study Cards: Used for memorization, review, and self-assessment.

Educational Games and Puzzles: Including board games, card games, puzzles, and educational kits.

Lab Kits: Boxed sets containing the equipment required to conduct science labs at home.Class Supply Kits: Boxed materials needed for specific online classes/lessons.

In Person Experiences

In person educational experiences refer to learning activities and opportunities that take place in physical settings, such as classrooms, labs, field trips, workshops, camps, in person tutoring, homeschool co-ops, worldschooling hubs, and other face-to-face environments. These experiences involve direct interaction between teachers and students, that can include hands-on learning, collaboration, and engagement with materials, resources, and peers. 

All in One Schools

All in one online schools refer to educational institutions, private schools, or platforms that offer comprehensive K-12 education entirely online, covering all subjects and grade levels within a single platform. These schools provide a complete curriculum, instructional materials, assessments, and support services for students to receive a complete education in a virtual environment. This category is NOT for schools that offer a la carte classes. There should be one tuition, monthly or annually, that covers all coursework. 

One of the freedoms of homeschooling is teaching our children to read. And intentionally doing it better than many schools in America are doing it today. If you forgot how you learned how to read, don't worry. I will review the top DOs and DON'Ts of teaching early readers. 

Some older grandparents may remember a different way of teaching and learning to read that was called phonics historically. Some parents received that instruction through a program that still exists today called Hooked on Phonics. Essentially, that's what we should all be doing - teaching kids to sound out words until they are able to read fluently or sound natural when they read because their brain has locked in words. There is a movement or resurgence of science of reading research in the education world that has made it's way into the homeschool community as it should. This science of reading research is a compilation of research that says there are effective and ineffective ways to teach children how to read English. Even if you learned to read via one of these inefficient methods, it does not mean it was the best or only way to instruct a child. The below recommendations are based on the science of reading research on what does work.

How to Teach Reading: DO

1. Do teach your child to associate letter symbols with sounds.
2. Do focus on 3 to 5 sounds at a time.
3. Do teach your child to sound out words.
4. Do teach your child that words are made up of parts called syllables.
5. Do support your early reader by reading unfamiliar, irregular words for them. Not all words can be sounded out immediately by early readers. 
6. Do research on what order of letters/sounds you want to teach. This is often called a scope and sequence. Look for a "structured literacy" approach.
7. Do support your early reader with decodable texts or short stories that focus on one new skill at a time. These texts are different from traditional children's picture books. Search "decodable" books to find different resources online including free options.
8. Do ask other adults in your child's community for support. Support can come as read alouds or just asking your child to show off what they have learned.
9. Do immerse your child in literacy activities and language exploration. For example, play rhyming games, read aloud picture books, notice the sounds in words, notice letters in signs, play sound games, and go to the library or bookstores regularly. There's so much to do, but try to have fun with it!

How to Teach Reading: DO NOT

1. Do not teach the whole alphabet at the same time. The alphabet song is a great fun way to expose children to the name of letters and alphabetical order, but it will not help your child learn to read.
2. Do not encourage your young reader to guess unknown words using visual clues from pictures or the first letter.
3. Do not teach children to guess with contextual clues from the part of the sentence they already read, instead of sounding words out.
4. Do not teach or focus on sight words. This is essentially when parents are recommended long lists of words children are expected to memorize as if they are pictures instead of patterns of letters that represent sounds.
5. Do not push your child to learn in traditional environments only. They do not need to sit at a desk or table to learn to read. They do not need to be inside. They can take books and literacy tools outside. 

Next Steps

Parents cannot continue to turn a blind eye to the many programs and teaching methods that do not work for all children even if schools continue to do so. Stay away from sight word lists. That’s the wrong way to approach reading. If the program does not teach sounds and syllable patterns in a structured way and eaching readers to guess whole words, then it’s not going to work for all kids. 

Still on the fence? This is how a leading reading researcher summarized the early reading research:

“Bottom line? It is still a good idea to explicitly teach kids to hear the sounds within words (phonemic awareness), to decode (phonics), to read text aloud accurately, with appropriate speed, and with expression (fluency), to know the meanings of words, and to use reading strategies when reading text in order to understand it better (reading comprehension).”

— Dr. Timothy Shanahan, Reading Researcher

You can do your own investigation of the research. The Report of the National Reading Panel: Teaching Children to Read (2000) was one of the most comprehensive research studies of effective reading instruction at the time of publication and to date. This report was and panel was convened at the request of the US Congress. Read to learn the report’s analysis of scientific research literature and outline of what evidence-based and effective reading instruction looks and sounds like for the English language. Read to learn why this report, published in 2000, continues to be applicable in 2021. We have had the scientific answer for what works for decades. 

So what do I think parents should do? Get trained. We can all teach our children to read today with the many tools and books available on the internet. There are trainings for parents that want to teach their child to read based on the scientific research of what works. Training does not mean a college course. Parent training should provide quick reminders like this article that reading is not a natural skill and if we are intentional about it we can all do it. 

Take one step at a time. Reading is a long game and you only need to be one to two steps ahead of your child.

Let’s teach our children to read at home. Start teaching today. You can do it! If you are interested in learning more about the framework and methods I used to teach my toddler to read, I created a “Teach My Child to Read: A Mommy + Me Coloring Book” to support families beginning their early reading journey. I offer additional early reading tools via Indyed based in the science of reading research and my experiences as a homeschool mom, dyslexia tutor, and special education teacher.

In his powerful TED Talk, "To This Day ... for the bullied and beautiful," Shane Koyczan addresses the profound impact of bullying and the importance of self-worth. His moving words resonate deeply with many who have felt different or marginalized in traditional school settings. 

During my time as a public high school teacher in Colorado, I saw that learning styles and preferences are as vast and varied as every subtle variation of color in a rainbow. Some thrive off of traditional school settings, hierarchies, and routines. But others would thrive with a less traditional pathway, and historically, these types of learners have not always been celebrated and accepted in society or school settings.

Koyczan's heartfelt poetry and personal experiences shine a light on the struggles faced by those who do not fit the conventional mold, emphasizing the need for empathy, understanding, and alternative educational paths.

What is Bullying?

Bullying can be defined as calculated, ongoing abuse that is aimed at a less powerful target. The three central components of bullying are aggression, repetition, and imbalance of power.

(Bullying & Cyberbullying: What Every Educator Needs to Know, Elizabeth Englander, 2023)

The Impact of Bullying on Education

Bullying is a pervasive issue that affects countless students worldwide. Some traditional school environments, with their rigid structures and social hierarchies, may exacerbate feelings of isolation and anxiety among some learners. Research has shown that bullying can lead to a host of negative outcomes, including decreased academic performance, poor mental health, and even long-term psychological trauma. For some students, the fear of bullying can become a significant barrier to learning and personal growth.

Alternative educational models, such as homeschooling and hybrid in-person + online schooling, may offer a refuge for these students. These flexible approaches allow learners to find supportive environments tailored to their unique needs. 

Benefits of Homeschooling and Hybrid Education

Homeschooling and hybrid education provide numerous advantages for students who struggle in conventional school settings. These models allow for personalized learning experiences, where students can progress at their own pace and focus on their individual strengths and interests. This tailored approach not only enhances academic achievement but also promotes a love of learning and self-confidence.

In a homeschooling environment, parents and educators can create a curriculum that aligns with the student's learning style and needs. This flexibility ensures that students receive a well-rounded education while also addressing any specific challenges they may face. 

Hybrid education, which combines in-person and online learning, may be a perfect fit for some learners. Students benefit from the social interaction and hands-on experiences of in-person classes while also enjoying the flexibility and autonomy of online learning.

How is Cyberbullying Different?

It is really important to mention that “cyberbullying” also exists and that is why it is so important that our online classroom environments are also safe and inclusive. Here are some considerations for educators regarding ways that cyberbullying can differ: 

• Technology enables others to amplify the attacks

• Heightened visibility can significantly increase the emotional duress of a bullying incident 

• Electronic communication has potential for wide dissemination 

(Bullying & Cyberbullying: What Every Educator Needs to Know, Elizabeth Englander, 2023, and It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, Danah Boyd, 2015)

Who Could be Targeted for Bullying?

The bullied is any kind of kid; they may or may not be popular, bright, or attractive. There may be something different about them or they might just be in the wrong place at the wrong time. 

Potential considerations could include: 

• The student might be younger or smaller 

• They might be the new kid in school

• Economic status

The following groups may be especially vulnerable to bullying: 

• Students with disabilities

• LGBTQ+ students

(The Bully, the Bullied, and the Not-So-Innocent Bystander, Barbara Coloroso, 2016)

How Can Your School Create an Atmosphere that Minimizes Bullying?

• Establish a culture of inclusion and respect that welcomes all students

• Reward students when they show thoughtfulness and respect for peers, adults, and the school

• Have all school staff work together to monitor bullying “hot spots” in and around the building

• Set a tone of respect in the classroom

(https://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/at-school/build-safe-environment/index.html)

Creating Safe and Supportive Learning Environments

Shane Koyczan's message in "To This Day ... for the bullied and beautiful" serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of empathy and inclusion in education. By understanding the unique challenges faced by students who are different, we can develop educational models that celebrate diversity and foster a sense of belonging. As educators we can strive to empower all students, helping them achieve their full potential in an environment that values their individuality.

Recommended Reading

The following resources were used in the creation of this article. If you are interested in this subject, I recommend a more thorough exploration of the following: 

It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens

This book by Danah Boyd discusses the impact of technology on teens in the modern era. Phenomenon such as bullying has always existed, but this book explores how technology has transformed and amplified the experiences for teens today. The data and details provided are well researched and complex. 

The Bully, the Bullied, and the Bystander

This book is an excellent examination of the different roles that occur in bullying. Barbara Coloroso defines the roles of the bully, bullied, and bystander by looking for commonalities in various situations. Understanding the individual roles can help us understand how to help. She also discusses how the scene is set for a bullying incident to take place. Most importantly, this book looks at the tools needed to break the cycle of abuse. 

Bullying and Cyberbullying: What Every Educator Needs to Know

Elizabeth Englander wrote this book to the audience of parents and educators. She does an excellent job of defining bullying and provides a lot of clarity on this confusing issue. Using research-based ideas, Englander provides an essential guide for educators about the impacts of technology on social behavior. 

Gelser, S., Neeman, A, & Young, J. (2010). A Briefing Paper from the National Council on Disability. The White House Conference on Bullying (pp. 73-82). Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/sites/default/files/2017-09/white_house_conference_materials.pdf

This academic source is a briefing paper from the National Council on Disability from the White House Conference on Bullying. It is important to address the implications of bullying on students with disabilities and how this may violate their rights to a Free and Appropriate Public Education. This paper is important because it points us to look to solutions on the local, State, and Federal level. 

Edutopia (2015). Turning Bystanders into Upstanders against Bullying [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/blog/film-festival-bullying-prevention-upstanders

This is an informational video designed to help people understand ways they can intervene when they witness a bullying incident. Rather than being a “bystander” and doing nothing, the video suggests that young people become “upstanders” and take action. It provides four ways that students of all ages can help. 

Stopbullying.gov. Build a Safe Environment. Retrieved from https://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/at-school/build-safe-environment/index.html

This is from a federal government website that is managed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It provides guidelines for creating a safe and supportive environment in schools to reduce occurrences of bullying. The idea is to create a climate that is preventative and where bullying is known by all to be unacceptable. 

About Me

I am an experienced educator specializing in history, human geography, soft skills, and psychology. With a passion for creating inclusive and supportive learning environments, I am dedicated to helping students succeed through personalized and alternative educational approaches. Learn more and explore my e-learning materials on IndyEd at https://www.indyed.com/secular-curriculum/erin-bennett